10 kv Oil Filled Transformer
Fault Diagnosis and Analysis of 10 kv Oil Filled Transformer 10 kv Oil filled transformer
The pad mounted transformer is widely used in electrical engineering due to its unique advantages. This paper analyses the technical characteristics of the padmounted transformer based on a large amount of literature and carries out research on the use of the padmounted transformer in the field of construction engineering.
The global market share of electric vehicles is rising rapidly from 2017 onwards, reflecting the fact that society’s demand for electricity resources is increasing dramatically and that cities’ power distribution systems need to be continuously improved. This is why there is a need to bring high-voltage power directly to the load centres, forming a high-voltage power transformer-substation-low-voltage distribution model, which needs to meet the trends of small footprint, energy saving, compactness and miniaturisation. The pad mounted transformer is the best product for these characteristics.
The pad mounted transformer is a compact power supply for connecting high-voltage switchgear. Low-voltage power supplies and distribution transformer equipment are wired according to a specific wiring method. It is well insulated due to its housing made of steel or alloy plates and double top cover.
Shell and skeleton are treated for corrosion protection and can be used outdoors for long periods of time. The shape and colour can be harmonised to match the environment and are simple to install, among other advantages. Widely used in construction sites, seaports, industrial and mining enterprises, oil fields, housing and other places.
The pad mounted transformer is developing rapidly in urban and rural construction and is therefore called the “target model for substation construction in the 21st century”.
As the substation is the core component of the power system, the conversion, redistribution and dispatch of electrical energy are all handled by the substation.
Therefore, scholars in the power industry have conducted a lot of research on the use of pad mounted transformers and health monitoring in the operation and maintenance phase, and have achieved considerable research results.
Huang Menghui and Jiang Tao et al. proposed a method for predicting the temperature of the high voltage bushing of a box-type transformer based on Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network, in view of the high temperature of the transformer components due to the closed environment and poor heat dissipation performance of the box-type transformer, and the high accident rate of the transformer bushing.
Firstly, the heat flow of the high-voltage bushing of the box-type transformer is analysed. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the common Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) prediction methods, with an average error reduction of 27.4% and 36.3%, respectively, and a higher prediction accuracy, which is more consistent with the actual measured transformer bushing temperature.
Zhao Hongshan and Wang Kui et al. proposed a method for predicting the high voltage bushing temperature of transformers based on variational modal decomposition and improved gated recurrent unit neural network in order to prevent accidents such as overheating and explosion of box-type transformers in advance and to improve the safety and stability of transformer operation. The simulation results show that the proposed method can predict the high voltage bushing temperature of box-type transformers better than the traditional prediction algorithm in both single-step and multi-step prediction, and has better prediction performance and better generalization ability.
Yu Jianjun and Yu Jin analyse the typhoon resistance of the pad mounted transformer and propose an optimisation scheme for the door plate. The optimised door panel of the pad mounted transformer is a concave-convex structure consisting of two door panels and an 8-fold bending process with convex reinforced door frame and reinforcement bars to enhance the typhoon resistance of the pad mounted transformer.
In a study on the intelligent monitoring of the pad mounted transformer, Hari Peng designed a pad mounted transformer fire monitoring system using ZigBee and Nb-loT communication technology. The CC2530 was selected as the main control chip of the ZigBee module to control the temperature, smoke, CO concentration and flame sensors inside the pad mounted transformer for information collection, and a data visualisation platform was built to display the operating conditions inside the pad mounted transformer in real time, providing a platform for the health monitoring of the pad mounted transformer, providing a reliable and effective monitoring tool for the health monitoring of the pad mounted transformer.
Using the ANSYSIcepak software, Wang Ning and Jing Yongteng et al. used a pad mounted transformer model ZBW-1000/35 as the research object based on the thermal-fluid coupling analysis method, and through the study of the internal temperature and fluid fields of the pad mounted transformer, they comprehensively analysed the ventilation and heat dissipation effect of the pad mounted transformer and put forward reasonable suggestions for improvement. The results show that the thermal-fluid coupling analysis method is more accurate in the calculation of the internal temperature and fluid fields of the transformer, and has good practicality.
Faschang M and Cejka S et al. propose a flexible, modular software ecosystem for pad mounted transformer automation equipment to meet the needs of distributed generation optimisation and decentralised market optimisation, among others. The ecosystem contains means for high-performance data exchange and harmonisation, automated application provisioning and configuration functions, and dependency management, and was successfully applied in an Austrian smart grid research project.
Sun L and You S et al. propose a smart pad mounted transformer allocation model (SSAM) for determining the optimal number and allocation of smart pads mounted transformers in a given distribution system, taking into account substation upgrade costs and user interruption costs, for the smart substation optimisation problem, and validate the proposed approach in a Danish medium The possibility of the proposed approach was verified in a medium voltage distribution system in Denmark.
SONG D and YAN L addressed the problems of large size, improper structural design, poor power supply safety and unsuitability to the port environment of pad mounted transformers in port power supply systems, and proposed a solution to improve the structure and safety of the box, which successfully solved the problems of port power supply systems.
ZHANG Y and GAO H et al. proposed the principle of integrated protection for pad mounted transformers in order to solve the problem that traditional pad mounted transformers need to be equipped with multiple protection devices, and replaced the traditional form of protection with relay protection. And in order to improve the sensitivity of the protection, an adaptive fault component overcurrent protection is proposed, using an action time selection criterion to ensure selectivity, which can achieve rapid fault clearance in certain situations.
Finally the performance of the proposed protection principle is verified by PSCAD simulations.WU H and YU H et al. investigate the application of prefabricated intelligent pad mounted transformer in project management in an IoT environment in order to improve the progress management of substation projects.
The above literature research shows that existing research on pad mounted transformers has focused on methods to monitor the health of the pad mounted transformer during the operational phase, such as monitoring temperature, CO concentration, fire and typhoon resistance. No research has been carried out on the application of the pad mounted transformer to a specific field, so this paper investigates the application of the pad mounted transformer in the field of construction engineering, taking into account the operational power supply mechanism and characteristics of the pad mounted transformer.
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Depending on the structure of the pad mounted transformer, there are two types of pad mounted transformer: the American pad mounted transformer and the European box variable.
The former is also known as the “pre-installed transformer” or “pad mounted transformer”, while the latter was formerly known as the “European box variable “.
A pad-mounted transformer is a type of electrical transformer that is designed to be installed on a concrete pad or platform. It is typically used to step down high voltage power from a utility power line to a lower voltage that can be used by residential or commercial buildings. Pad-mounted transformers are commonly used in urban areas where underground electrical distribution is preferred over overhead distribution.
Pad-mounted transformers come in various sizes and capacities, depending on the specific requirements of the electrical distribution system. They are generally constructed with a weather-resistant enclosure that is designed to protect the transformer from environmental factors such as rain, snow, and dust. The enclosure is often made of metal and features ventilation to help dissipate the heat generated by the transformer.
The transformer itself is composed of a primary coil and a secondary coil, which are wound around a core made of magnetic material such as steel. The primary coil is connected to the high voltage power line, while the secondary coil is connected to the low voltage distribution system. The transformer works by using electromagnetic induction to transfer electrical energy from the primary coil to the secondary coil, stepping down the voltage in the process.
Overall, pad-mounted transformers are a reliable and efficient solution for electrical distribution in urban areas, providing a safe and efficient way to distribute electrical power to residential and commercial buildings.
The purpose of this paper is to study the application of padmounted transformers in the field of construction engineering.
The pad mounted transformer is a new type of substation with the advantages of small size, ease of construction and low cost, which can effectively replace the former distributed substations in residential and commercial service systems. The use of low-voltage substations not only simplifies the supply system but also increases the efficiency of the supply.
The use of padmounted transformers in construction work therefore prevents problems such as electrical equipment failures during construction. The overall efficiency of the construction project is increased and the overall quality of the project is ensured.
The installation of substation boxes is an important part of the power distribution system. To ensure the safe and stable operation of the substation is the basis for providing the basic power for the power system in order to ensure that the equipment has sufficient power supply during operation. The technical requirements for the installation of box-type transformers during the construction of construction projects are very high.
Therefore, technicians need to consider each step of the installation in detail during the installation of the pad mounted transformer and constantly find solutions to problems that arise during operation, in order to improve the construction process of the installation of the equipment.
One of the most important aspects of the installation of a pad mounted transformer is the wiring. It is necessary to have a full understanding of all types of relevant equipment in the construction process. The requirements of the relevant design drawings are observed and the construction specifications are strictly adhered to during the laying of the equipment. The cable processing process is very important.
In addition, the wire processing process is very important due to the large number of mechanical equipment and transport vehicles on the construction site. The location of the pre-buried pipes must be kept at a safe distance from buildings and transport vehicles. At the same time, in the process of configuring steel pipes, the construction environment of the construction site needs to be analysed and verified to ensure that the wiring of equipment in the construction project is reasonable and safe, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the operational stability of the transformer box.
To ensure that the padmounted transformer is well suited to the needs of the construction site and to improve the basic performance of the pad mounted transformer, thus avoiding safety accidents caused by equipment problems. It is therefore particularly important that the padmounted transformer is maintained efficiently over the long term. Employees need to improve their construction skills and equipment managers need to be more aware of maintenance.
Maintenance personnel with a high level of professional quality and responsibility and with a complete expertise in technology not only reduce the incidence of faults in the use of engineering low-voltage box transformers, but also extend the service life of low-voltage transformers.
The inside of a pad-mounted transformer contains several key components that work together to regulate the electrical power flowing through the transformer. These components include:
Core and windings: The core is typically made of laminated steel sheets and provides a path for the magnetic field created by the transformer. The windings are the conductive wires that wrap around the core and transfer the electrical power.
Bushings: These are the insulated devices that connect the transformer to the outside electrical system. They are typically made of porcelain or polymer and provide a safe and reliable connection point.
Tap changer: This is a device that allows the transformer to adjust its output voltage based on the needs of the electrical system. The tap changer can be manually or automatically controlled and helps to regulate the voltage in the electrical network.
Oil or coolant: Many pad-mounted transformers are filled with oil or coolant to help regulate the temperature of the transformer and prevent overheating. The oil or coolant also helps to insulate the transformer and protect it from damage.
Protective devices: These include fuses and circuit breakers that are designed to protect the transformer from overloading or short-circuiting. These devices help to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the transformer.
Overall, the inside of a pad-mounted transformer is a complex system of components that work together to regulate and control the flow of electrical power. By maintaining and servicing these components, pad-mounted transformers can provide safe and reliable power for years to come.
The inside of a pad-mounted transformer contains several key components that work together to regulate the electrical power flowing through the transformer. These components include:
Core and windings: The core is typically made of laminated steel sheets and provides a path for the magnetic field created by the transformer. The windings are the conductive wires that wrap around the core and transfer the electrical power.
Bushings: These are the insulated devices that connect the transformer to the outside electrical system. They are typically made of porcelain or polymer and provide a safe and reliable connection point.
Tap changer: This is a device that allows the transformer to adjust its output voltage based on the needs of the electrical system. The tap changer can be manually or automatically controlled and helps to regulate the voltage in the electrical network.
Oil or coolant: Many pad-mounted transformers are filled with oil or coolant to help regulate the temperature of the transformer and prevent overheating. The oil or coolant also helps to insulate the transformer and protect it from damage.
Protective devices: These include fuses and circuit breakers that are designed to protect the transformer from overloading or short-circuiting. These devices help to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the transformer.
Overall, the inside of a pad-mounted transformer is a complex system of components that work together to regulate and control the flow of electrical power. By maintaining and servicing these components, pad-mounted transformers can provide safe and reliable power for years to come.
A single-phase pad-mounted transformer has a single primary winding and a single secondary winding, while a three-phase pad-mounted transformer has three primary windings and three secondary windings. Single-phase transformers are typically used for residential or light commercial applications, while three-phase transformers are used for larger commercial or industrial applications.
Single-phase transformers can provide power to one or more homes or buildings, while three-phase transformers can provide power to larger facilities such as factories, shopping centers, and hospitals. Three-phase transformers are generally more efficient and provide more consistent power compared to single-phase transformers.
The connections of the primary and secondary windings are different in single-phase and three-phase transformers. Single-phase transformers have two input connections, one for each end of the primary winding, and two output connections, one for each end of the secondary winding. Three-phase transformers, on the other hand, have three input connections, one for each primary winding, and three output connections, one for each secondary winding.
Overall, the main difference between a single-phase and three-phase pad-mounted transformer is the number of primary and secondary windings, as well as the applications they are best suited for.
Pad-mounted transformers have several connections that are used to ensure proper electrical functioning. Some of the common connections are:
Primary bushings: These are used to connect the primary winding of the transformer to the incoming power lines. The primary bushings are usually located at the top of the transformer and are designed to be compatible with a variety of bushing types.
Secondary bushings: These are used to connect the secondary winding of the transformer to the outgoing power lines. The secondary bushings are located on the side of the transformer and are usually smaller in size than the primary bushings.
Grounding connections: These are used to connect the transformer to a ground wire or rod to protect against electrical shock and damage caused by lightning strikes.
Tap connections: These are used to adjust the voltage output of the transformer to match the requirements of the electrical system. Tap connections can be located on the primary or secondary side of the transformer and are adjustable to compensate for voltage drops in the system.
Control wiring: This wiring is used to connect the transformer to a control panel or monitoring system for remote operation and monitoring.
Overall, the connections of a pad-mounted transformer play a crucial role in ensuring safe and efficient electrical transmission and distribution. Proper installation and maintenance of these connections is essential for the reliable operation of the transformer and the electrical system as a whole.
The installation process for a pad-mounted transformer involves several steps to ensure safe and efficient operation. Here are some key aspects of the installation process:
Site Preparation: The site where the pad-mounted transformer is to be installed should be level and stable. The area should be cleared of any debris or vegetation that may interfere with the installation process.
Foundation and Pad Construction: The next step is to construct a concrete pad and foundation for the transformer. The pad should be large enough to accommodate the size of the transformer and should be constructed to meet local codes and regulations.
Transformer Delivery: Once the site is prepared and the foundation is in place, the pad-mounted transformer can be delivered to the site. The transformer is typically transported on a flatbed truck and requires special handling equipment to offload and position the unit onto the pad.
Electrical Connections: After the transformer is in place, the electrical connections can be made. This includes connecting the transformer to the power source and any other equipment, such as switchgear or load tap changers. The electrical connections must be made by a qualified electrician and in compliance with local electrical codes and regulations.
Testing and Commissioning: After the electrical connections are complete, the transformer should be tested and commissioned to ensure proper operation. This includes checking for leaks, verifying that the transformer is properly grounded, and testing the protective relays and other safety features.
It is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions and local codes and regulations during the installation process to ensure safe and reliable operation of the pad-mounted transformer.
Can I install a pad-mounted transformer myself?
No, pad-mounted transformers should only be installed by licensed electricians or professional electrical contractors. Improper installation can result in serious electrical hazards, such as electrical shock, electrocution, and fire.
A pad-mounted transformer diagram is a schematic representation of the components and wiring of a pad-mounted transformer. It provides an illustration of how the transformer is constructed and how it functions in a power distribution system.
The diagram typically includes labels and symbols that represent the various components of the transformer, such as the primary and secondary windings, bushings, tap changers, fuses, and switches. It also shows the connections between the transformer and other parts of the electrical system, such as the distribution lines and underground cables.
A pad-mounted transformer diagram can be used by engineers and technicians to understand how the transformer works and to troubleshoot any issues that may arise. It can also be used to plan the installation of a new transformer or to modify an existing one.
The specific details included in a pad-mounted transformer diagram may vary depending on the manufacturer and the specific model of transformer. However, most diagrams will provide a clear overview of the major components and how they are connected within the transformer.
In contemporary construction projects, the padmounted transformer, with its small “one-piece” structure, greatly reduces power losses and effectively guarantees the efficiency of the construction process. At the same time, the padmounted transformer must be constructed in strict accordance with the technical specifications for the installation of the equipment. Improve the professional ethics of the relevant management personnel, in order to protect the safety of personnel at the same time, but also to effectively improve the social interests of construction enterprises and energy-related sectors, and promote the development of the construction industry.
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