ELECTRIC, WITH AN EDGE

Main Power Transformer Solution for Coal Mine

In the design of the coal mine power supply part, after the mine load statistics, the primary problem is to determine the voltage level of the main power transformer, the number of power transformers, and the power transformer capacity. It seems to be a general common sense problem, but it is one that is easy to get confused.

Now the design is the same, no matter how big the mine is and how big the load is, there are two main power transformers in the open-pit or mine, and the capacity is greater than the load, one is used and the other is prepared. Undoubtedly it meets the requirements, but sometimes it is not necessarily economical.

Under normal circumstances, the mine power supply should adopt the split operation mode. When the first loop is running, the other loop must be powered on for standby to ensure the continuity of the power supply.

Table of Contents

According to the above regulations, the mine’s double-circuit power supply, double-circuit line, and double power transformers are all live and standby, and they are hot standby for each other, and it is not allowed to use a cold standby for one cycle.

The dual power supply and dual power transformers of the coal mine have to pay the basic electricity cost of the sum of the capacity of the two power transformers. The following is a discussion on the selection and wiring of the main power transformer of the coal mine substation.

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Selection of the main power transformer of the mine substation (take A coal mine as an example)

Coal Mine A: my scale of 3.0 mt/a, the calculated load of electricity for the whole mine is 9742KVA. The design uses one 35KV substation, the main power transformer SL7-12500KVA/35 /10KV, two for one use, and one for backup.

According to the electricity load of coal mine A, there are three options for the main power transformer selection. The following three options are compared as follows:

Option 1: Use the main power transformer 2 × 12500KVA, one for operation and one for standby.

The basic electricity fee must be paid every year: 2.98 USD × 2 × 12500 × 12 = 894,000 USD (basic electricity fee is charged according to the installed capacity of the power transformer, 2.98 USD/KVA in this area. Monthly, slightly different in each region).

Advantage:

  1. One is used and one is prepared, which is beneficial for future development;
  2. The reserve capacity is 100%. When one power transformer fails, the other power transformer can guarantee the full load of the mine, and the production and life of the mine will not be affected;
  3. Two main power transformers, two incoming lines, simple wiring, and simple protection.

Disadvantage:

  1. The main power transformer has a large capacity and relatively high cost;
  2. The basic electricity fee paid by the power supply department is high.

Option 2: Use the main power transformer 2 × 8000KVA, and usually both of them run at the same time.

Principle: There should be no less than 2 main power transformers in a mine substation. When one of the power transformers stops running, the capacity of the remaining power transformers should ensure that the primary and secondary loads use electricity.

The 8000KVA power transformer is selected relative to the total coal load of 9742KVA, and the power supply guarantee coefficient is 0. 82. It can meet the power consumption of the first and second load, and meet the above regulations.

Annual basic electricity fee: 2.98 USD × 2 × 8000 × 12 = 572160 USD

500kV Main Transformer in Hydropower Station
500kV Main Transformer in Hydropower Station

Advantage:

  1. The power transformer capacity is smaller than the plan, and the initial investment is less;
  2. The spare factor is 0. 8 and above (meet the first and second load), meet the specified requirements;
  3. The basic electricity bill to be paid each year is 50557.8USD less than plan one;
  4. The two main power transformers of the two-circuit line run at the same time, the copper loss is less, the voltage drop loss is less, the two main power transformers, the two-circuit incoming line, the wiring, and the protection are simpler, and the operation is simple.

Disadvantage:

  1. When one unit fails, the other guarantees the mine’s primary and secondary load, which cannot meet the mine’s third-category load power consumption, and the production and life of the coal mine will be affected;
  2. Normally, the two units are running at the same time, the relative iron loss is relatively large, and the power factor is low. But it can be improved by capacitance compensation.

Option 3: Choose 3 main power transformers, 3 × 5000KVA. Usually, two are in operation, and one is on standby.

Annual basic electricity fee: 2.98 USD × 3 × 5000 × 12 = 536823.72usd

power distribution Main Transformer
power distribution Main Transformer

Advantage:

  1. The initial mine construction load is small, and one main power transformer is put into it, and it is gradually put in according to the load to avoid waste caused by one-time investment;
  2. The installed capacity of the power transformer is 3 × 5000 = 15000KVA, and the basic electricity fee is paid less.

Disadvantage:

  1. Three main power transformers have higher investment than two;
  2. Three main power transformers are connected and the protection is more complicated.

Selection of the main power transformer of the open-pit mine substation (take B coal mine as an example)

B coal mine 2# open-pit mine: the mine scale is 15Mt/a, the electricity load of the whole mine is 59000KVA, and the design uses 2×63000KVA/110/35/10 power transformers. There are three options for comparison below.

Option 1: Choose the main power transformer 2 × 63000KVA, one for use and one for backup

Annual basic electricity fee: 2.98usd × 2 × 63000 × 12 = 4,505,760usd

Advantage:

  1. One is used and one is prepared, and there is a margin, which is beneficial for future development;
  2. The spare capacity is 100%. When one fails, the other can guarantee the full load of the mine;
  3. Two main power transformers, two incoming lines, simple wiring and simple protection.

Disadvantage:

  1. The main power transformer has a large capacity and relatively high cost;
  2. The basic electricity fee paid by the power supply department is high.

Option 2:The main power transformer 2 × 31500KVA is selected, and the two units are running at the same time under normal conditions, and the drainage in the pit can be satisfied in case of failure.

Annual basic electricity fee: 2.98usd × 2 × 31500 × 12 = 2252880usd

According to the “Code for Design of Coal Industry Open-pit Mines”, the centralized drainage pump station should have two circuits for power supply. When one circuit fails, the other circuit should meet the load when all the drainage pump motors can start normally and have the maximum displacement.

The capacity of 31500KVA can meet a load of all drainage pumps at the electric start and maximum drainage.

Advantage:

  1. Power transformer capacity is small and investment is small;
  2. The spare quantity is small, but it meets the requirements of the specification.

Disadvantage:

Once one machine fails, the other can only bear half the load of the open-pit mine, which affects production.

Option 3: Choose 3 main power transformers, 3 × 31500KVA, two in normal operation, one standby.

The basic electricity bill to be paid every year is 2.98 USD × 3 × 31500 × 12 = 3379320 USD.

Advantage:

  1. The initial mine construction load is small, and one main power transformer is put into it. It is gradually invested according to the load to avoid waste caused by a one-time investment;
  2. The basic electricity fee is paid less than the plan one;
  3. When one machine fails, the other two can guarantee the full load of the mine without affecting normal production and life.

Disadvantage:

  1. The basic electricity bill is more than that of Option Two;
  2. The three main power transformers are connected, the protection is more complicated, and the initial investment is relatively large.

In the open-pit mine substation, the main power transformer option two pays the least basic electricity fee, which is 225451.6usd less than option one and 112725.8usd less than option three.

Comprehensive comparison plan two is the most economical and saves a huge amount of money, and it is within the scope of the specification.

Although it has a certain impact on production in the event of an accident, the failure rate of the power transformer is less, and the comprehensive comparison can choose the second plan. It is more reasonable.

Conclusion

Most of the design adopts scheme one, which pays too much attention to 100% backup in case of failure and neglects the economy.

From the above analysis and calculation, for large mines and large open-pit mines, due to the large installed capacity of power transformers, the basic electricity bill is a huge figure and has to be considered. The probability of failure of the power transformer is very small. can satisfy.

According to the above analysis, the second option (that is, two power transformers working at the same time) is the most economical regardless of whether it is a mine or an open-pit mine.

The only flaw is that when one fails, the other cannot guarantee all the loads of the mine. Although it meets the specifications, it affects production and life for the continuity of production.

The solution can be to add an auxiliary power transformer to the two power transformers.

The power transformer capacity is selected from 20% to 40% of the mine load, and a 10KV bus is added when it is normal. When the bus is disconnected in the event of a failure, the self-provided diesel engine generates electricity to meet the electricity consumption of coal mines.

This will not affect production too much, and will not increase the basic electricity bill. Although there is an initial equipment fee, it is much smaller than the basic electricity fee paid. The connection method of the power transformer is shown in the following figure.

In the above figure, B1 and B2 are normal power transformers, B1 and B2 power transformers are coal mine normal load 80 ℅, B3 is auxiliary power transformer, coal mine normal load 20 ℅, when the power transformer is normal, B1 and B2 power transformers operate simultaneously, and B3 is disconnected.

When one fails, the other can ensure the normal operation of the mine’s first and second load or the open-pit drainage pump.

Once the fault is difficult to repair, a B3 power transformer can be used when normal production and work are affected by a power transformer. After the B3 power transformer is put into operation, the coal mine load is guaranteed to be 100 ℅, and the middle bus bar only has a low-level load on the grounding surface.

The above is the author’s suggestion and needs to be studied. The author found that the power transformer accident rate is not high through many surveys of electricity users. Since the power transformer accident rate is not high, it is not necessary to prepare a backup auxiliary power transformer for diesel power generation. Save costs as much as possible on the basis.

Therefore, in the future design, the comparison of schemes should not only compare the basic investment, but also compare the operating costs, comprehensively compare and grasp the specifications, and optimize the design.

Of course, if the local power supply department preferentially uses electricity or reduces or exempts the basic electricity charge for hot standby, the above scheme may not be considered. In short, the design depends on the specific situation.

For example, the coal mine power source is different from the superior power source, and the fees may be different.

  1. The coal mine power source is taken from the superior power source in different busbar sections of the same substation. What you are facing is a contract unit, and the cost may be the basic fee for operating the power transformer. If so, the above option is better.
  2. The coal mine’s power supply is taken from two different power sources at the upper level, so you have to sign a power supply agreement with the two, and if you pay the fee, you have to pay the basic fee for the two respective power transformers.

If this is the case, the second option above is more economical. In short, depending on the agreement of the power supply department, comprehensive consideration will be made to reduce the production cost on the basis of meeting the regulations.

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